Cold Fusion, la Cenerentola della Scienza in attesa della scarpina di cristallo. (3x33)

“Tutto ciò che stiamo cercando di mettere davanti alla comunità scientifica è che il fenomeno delle LENR è reale e - in base ai risultati - sembra avere le potenzialità per applicazioni pratiche in un futuro non troppo lontano. La continua affermazione che 'la fusione fredda/LENR non è provata' non è più giustificata. Sarebbe poco saggio ignorare o boicottare questo campo. La ricerca sulle LENR merita il sostegno di agenzie di finanziamento governative, accademie scientifiche professionali e anche del settore privato. Abbiamo soprattutto bisogno di incoraggiare l'ingresso delle nuove leve in questo campo. Anche se questo è un compito impegnativo data lo stigma attribuito a questo tipo di ricerca da chi vede messo in gioco il proprio senso di adeguatezza', l'orgoglio, la posizione accademica, e/o gli interessi finanziari.” (M. Srinivasan, A. Meulenberg, Current Science, Vol. 108. N. 4, 25/02/2015)

La rivista Current Science ha deciso di sfidare quella parte della comunità scientifica (maggioritaria per convinzione o semplicemente perché vittima di un pregiudizio?) che ancora oggi nega la rivoluzione scientifica aperta dall'annuncio di Fleischmann e Pons nel 1989, nonostante i successivi 25 anni di sperimentazioni sul fenomeno LENR e una sua riproducibilità sempre più alta. Questo mese, corollata da una corposa prefazione di M. Srinivasan e A. Meulenberg (da cui è tratto l'incipit di questo post), ha pubblicato una rassegna scientifica di 33 articoli inediti tutti dedicati alla ricerca sulle LENR. 

Gli autori coinvolti sono 67: Ahern, B.; Aziz, O.; Bao, J.; Biberian, J.P.; Castagna, E.; Chaudhary, I.U.; Crevens, D.; Dash, J.; DeChiaro Jr, L.F.; Dominguez, D.D.; Dong, Z.M.; Duncan, R.; Earle, B.; El Boher, A.; Forsley, L.P.; Fujita, Y.; Furuyama, Y.; Gangopadhyay, S.; Grabowski, K.S.; Greenyer, B.;Gordon, F.E.; Hagelstein, P.L.; He, J.H.; Hubler, G.; Hunt, R.; Isaacson, W.; Itoh, T.; Iwamura, Y.; Kidwell, D.A.; Kitamura, A.; Knies, D.; Kornilova, A.A.; La Gatta, A.; Lecci, S.; Letts, D.; Li, X.Z.; Liang, C.L.; Lipson, A.G.; Lomax, A.ul-R.; McKubre, M.C.H.; Meulenberg, A.; Miles, M.H.; Mosier-Boss, P.A.; Nagel, D.J.; Pease, D.; Roussetski, A.S.; Sarto, F.; Sansovini, M.; Saunin, E.I.; Seto, R.; Sinha, K.P.; Srinivasan, M.; Storms, E.; Swartz, M.R.; Takahashi, A.; Taniike, A.; Tanzella, F.; Tolleson, J.W.; Torre, A.; Tsuruga, S.; Valat, M.; Vasilenko, A.O.; Verner, G.M.; Violante, V.; Vysotskyy, M.V.; Vysotskii, V.I.; Zhou, D. 

10 sono le nazioni di provenienza (Cina, Francia, Giappone, India, Italia, Pakistan, Repubblica Ceca, Russia, Ucraina, USA) e svariate le Università e gli enti di ricerca pubblici o privati di appartenenza.

A seguire potete trovare i link ai pdf e gli abstract di tutti i 33 articoli in questione. 

1) Cold fusion: comments on the state of scientific proof

• McKubre, Michael C. H. — SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA

ABSTRACT — Early criticisms were made of the scientific claims made by Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons in 1989 on their observation of heat effects in electro-chemically driven palladium–deuterium experimentsthat were consistent with nuclear but not chemical or stored energy sources. These criticisms were premature and adverse. In the light of 25 years further studyof the palladium–deuterium system, what is the stateof proof of Fleischmann and Pons’ claims?

2) Extensions to physics: what cold fusion teaches

• Meulenberg, A. — Science for Humanity Trust, Inc., 3760 Lavista Road, Suite 200,Tucker, GA,30084,USA

ABSTRACT — This article documents some condensed matter nuclear science work where contemporary physics models are re-examined, extended and/or supplemented. Primarily for DD fusion: (1) ability of two low-energy protons or deuterons to penetrate their mutual Coulomb barrier; (2) production of heat far in excess of that possible based on the measured particulate radiation; (3) high levels of ⁴He measured; (4) enhanced coupling of nuclear energy to local lattice; (5) transmutation, and (6) selective ‘scavenging’ of radio-nuclides in the lattice have been explained in terms of several extended physics models. More than sufficient evidence now proves that low energy nuclear reactions occur and lead forward.

3) Phonon models for anomalies in condensed matter nuclear science

• Hagelstein, Peter L.¹ ; Chaudhary, Irfan U.²
• ¹Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
• ²Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

ABSTRACT — Although excess heat has been studied in the Fleischmann–Pons experiment for more than a quarter century, there is as yet no agreed upon theoretical explanation. Here we divide the problem between known physics issues and new physics issues. In our approach there is an important new physics model which addresses the fractionation of a large quantum; and a new fundamental Hamiltonian which describes the coupling between vibrations and internal nuclear degrees of freedom.

4) Development status of condensed clusterfusion theory

• Takahashi, Akito — Technova Inc., 1-1 Uchisaiwai-cho-1, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0011 Japan

ABSTRACT — The condensed cluster fusion theory has been developed since 1989, under the view that dynamic ordering processes of confined transient clusters of D(H)-particles in catalytic surface sites, vacancies and global mesoscopic potential well of metal nanoparticles may induce simultaneous multi-body fusion reactions. One thorough answer is obtained for the condensation motion of clusters under platonic symmetry like 4D(H)/TSC, 6D(H)/RDC and 8D(H)/RDC and their fusion reaction rates. Theoretical analysis for initial dynamic clustering process on/in catalytic sites is still speculative and under searching a technique to combine theelectron density functional method and the QM Langevin method.

5) Model of low energy nuclear reactions in asolid matrix with defects

• Sinha, K. P. — Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India and Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi 110 002, India

ABSTRACT — This theoretical development consists of several aspects of low energy nuclear reactions, involving both established effects (such as the interaction of hydrogen, or deuterium, with defects in a lattice, e.g. palladium) and proposed solid-state effects. A known effect is the lattice concentration of electrons into local charge pairs, turning Coulomb barriers into attractive con- figurations. In one configuration, the proposed effect is linear defects that, when filled with hydrogen atoms, form internal lattices with no fixed lattice constant. The resulting multi-atom, linear, hydrogen molecule has a unique property shown quantum mechanically to allow di-atomic approach to within fusion dimensions.

6) Selective resonant tunnelling – turning hydrogen-storage material into energetic material

• Liang, C. L. ; Dong, Z. M. ; Li, X. Z. — Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

ABSTRACT — A new formula for nuclear fusion cross-sections reveals the existence of a low energy resonance in p + ⁶Li system, and the selectivity of low energy resonance. It indicates that lithium-6 might be a nuclear fuel incondensed matter nuclear science. Evidences from both hot fusion and ‘cold fusion’ experiments are presented.

7) Coherent correlated states of interacting particles – the possible key to paradoxes andfeatures of LENR

• Vysotskii, Vladimir I. ; Vysotskyy, Mykhaylo V. — Kiev National Shevchenko University, Kiev, Ukraine

ABSTRACT — In this article, the universal mechanism of optimization of low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) on the basis of coherent correlated states (CCS) of interacting particles is discussed. Formation of these states is the result of special nonstationary low energy action to parameters of potential well containing interacting particles. It was shown that in real nuclear-physical systems usage of CCS leads to sharp growth (up to 10³⁰–10¹⁰⁰ and more) of Coulomb barrier penetrability at very low energy of interacting particles. Several successful LENR experiments based on CCS are discussed.

8) How the explanation of LENR can be made consistent with observed behaviour and natural laws

• Storms, Edmund — LENRGY, LLC, 2140 Paseo Ponderosa, Santa Fe, NM 87501

ABSTRACT — The phenomenon called ‘cold fusion’ or low energy nuclear reaction has been a challenge to accept and explain. The problem is compounded because an effective explanation must be consistent with the observed behaviour and natural laws. Hundreds of explanations have been published, but none was able to meet this expectation. Consequently, acceptance of the phenomenon by conventional science and application of the energy have been handicapped. The present article summarizes an effort to reduce this problem by identifying a few critical requirements and proposing a mechanism that is consistent with these requirements. Thismodel can also predict many behaviours of importance to science and commercial applications.

9) Introduction to the main experimental findings of the LENR field

• Storms, Edmund — LENRGY, LLC, 2140 Paseo Ponderosa, Santa Fe, NM 87501

ABSTRACT — Twenty-five years ago in March 1989, Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons announced their success in initiating fusion between deuterons in palladium used as the cathode in an electrolytic cell. Since then, a battle has waged between skeptics who reject the claim and people who observe behaviour that is consistent with the claim. This article briefly summarizes the major experimental observations. A companion article in this special section provides insight into how the observations might be explained.

10) Review of materials science for studying the Fleischmann and Pons effect

• Violante, V.¹ ; Castagna, E.¹ ; Lecci, S.¹ ; Sarto, F.¹ ; Sansovini, M.¹ ; Torre, A.¹ ; La Gatta, A.² ; Duncan, R.³ ; Hubler, G.⁴ ; El Boher, A.⁴ ; Azizi, O.⁴ ; Pease, D.⁴ ; Knies, D.⁵ ; McKubre, M.⁶ 
• ¹ENEA Research Center,via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Rome), Italy
• ²Consorzio Veneto Ricerca-TSEM, Padova, Italy
• ³Texas Tech University, Lubbok,TX, USA
• ⁴University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
• ⁵Coolescence LLC, Boulder, CO, USA
• ⁶SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA

ABSTRACT — Fleischmann and Pons effect (FPE) is the production of excess power during electrochemical loading of deuterium in palladium. This effect has the following features: (1) It is a threshold effect (loading D/Pd > 0.9). (2) It is unobserved when electrochemical loading is performed with hydrogen from light water. (3) It is unexplainable as a chemical effect. (4) It occurs only if the involved materials have specific characteristics.

The present article will review aspects concerning the occurrence of FPE related to materials science, a field considered to be a key to define the effect and a research approach has been conceived to find correlations with the material status. Metallurgy, crystallographic orientation and surface morphology all together are the necessary conditions to observe the phenomenon. In general, these features affect the deuterium adsorption/absorption in palladium cathodes.On the other hand, crystal orientation seems not to be crucial for PdRh alloy. A preliminary study, based on galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, has been carried out to investigate the status of the electrochemical interface during the effect. Results point in the direction of a significant change in theequivalent circuit at the electrode interface, as the electrode is active.

11) Highly reproducible LENR experiments using dual laser stimulation

• Letts, Dennis — 12015 Ladrido Lane, Austin, TX 78727, USA

ABSTRACT — The present article reports a summary of results relating to 170 on-protocol tests performed on five deuterated palladium bulk cathodes stimulated by dual lasers at 8, 15 and 20 THz over the period March 2007 to May 2008. These frequencies were not measured but assumed to be effective based on a calculated difference beat frequency. Excess power was observed in 161 tests, giving a success rate of approximately 95%.The cathode fabrication, loading and laser application protocols are discussed.

12) Sidney Kimmel Institute for Nuclear Renaissance

• Hubler, G. K.¹ ; El-Boher, A.¹ ; Azizi, O.¹ ; Pease, D.¹ ; He, J. H.¹ ; Isaacson, W.¹ ; Gangopadhyay, S.² ; Violante, V.³
• ¹Department of Physics and Astronomy and ²Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
• ³ENEA Frascati Research Center, Frascati (Rome), 00044 Italy

ABSTRACT — Anomalous heat effect (AHE) is the appearance of excess energy in the form of heat when a palladium cathode is electrolysed in heavy water, and is much less evident when light water is used. The present article describes the organization, motivation and plans of an institute formed to perform fundamental research aimed at discovering the mechanism of AHE.

13) Progress towards understanding anomalous heat effect in metal deuterides

• Azizi, O.¹ ; El-Boher, A.¹ ; He, J. H.¹ ; Hubler, G. K.¹ ; Pease, D.¹ ; Isaacson, W.¹ ; Violante, V.² ; Gangopadhyay, S.³
• ¹The Sydney Kimmel Institute for Nuclear Renaissance, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
• ²ENEA Research Center, Frascati, Italy
• ³Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA

ABSTRACT — The present article summarizes anomalous heat events which were observed in a large number of electrolysis experiments using heavy water and palladium-based cathodes. The amount of excess heat produced by some of these experiments is too large to be accounted for by any known chemical processes. It was found that events of the anomalous heat effect (AHE) are accompanied by increased cell voltage during electrolysis and that there are characteristic cathode surface morphologies which are associated with excess heat events. AHE has been observed during electrolysis following dynamic stimulation of the cell by time-dependent electrolytic currents (SuperWaves) and ultrasonic excitation. Past experiments have increased our understanding of the anomalous heat effect in the palladium–deuterium systems, but there is much left to be learned.

14) Replicable cold fusion experiment: heat/helium ratio

• Lomax, Abd ul-Rahman — Infusion Institute, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA

ABSTRACT — Cold fusion effects have often been called ‘unreliable’, even by those convinced of their reality. The chaotic nature of material conditions, so far, has made ordinary reliability elusive. However, the Fleischmann–Pons experiment produces more than one effect, and two major ones are heat and helium. Miles, in 1991, measured both, and found that they were correlated, within an order of magnitude of the ratio expected from deuterium fusion. Miles was amply confirmed, and precision has increased. While there are outliers, there is no experimental evidence contradicting the correlation, and only the exact ratio remains in question. In this, we have direct evidence that the effect is real and is nuclear in nature; the mechanism remains a mystery well worth exploration.

15) Observation of radio frequency emissions from electrochemical loading experiments

• Kidwell, D. A.¹ ; Dominguez, D. D.² ; Grabowski, K. S.¹ ; DeChiaro Jr, L. F.³
• ¹Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
• ²Nova Research Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308, USA
• ³Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren, Dahlgren, VA, USA

ABSTRACT — Palladium foil cathodes were electrochemically loaded with deuterium from alkaline solutions of heavy water in specially designed closed calorimeter cells. Here, one cell is described that showed low levels of constant heat (1–7 mW) and radio frequency (RF) emanations, but the RF was not correlated with the heat production. This cell is compared with Pd₉₀Rh₁₀ alloy cathodes that showed excess energy bursts of 2.4–44.3 kJ. In these cells, RF coincident with the bursts was observed peaking at different frequencies from about 450 kHz and extending into the MHz range. Some of the excess energy production in LENR may be in the MHz RF range, which has no conventional explanation in electrochemistry.

16) Condensed matter nuclear reactions with metal particles in gases

• Crevens, Dennis¹ ; Swartz, Mitchell R.² ; Ahern, Brian³
• ¹P.O. Box 1317, Cloudcroft, NM 88317, USA
• ²JET Energy, Inc. Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
• ³Acton MAS 01720

ABSTRACT — Various metals have been used by a number of researchers to study the condensed matter nuclear reactions occurring within the metal lattice when exposed to gases containing hydrogen, its deuterium isotope and various mixes. This article will give a brief overview of such studies.

17) Use of CR-39 detectors to determine the branching ratio in Pd/D co-deposition

• Mosier-Boss, P. A.¹ ; Forsley, L. P.² ; Roussetski, A. S.³ ; Lipson, A. G.⁴ ; Tanzella, F.⁵ ; Saunin, E. I.⁴ ; McKubre, M.⁵ ; Earle, B.⁵ ; Zhou, D.⁶
• ¹9112 Fermi Ave. San Diego, CA, USA
• ²JWK Corp., 5101B Backlick Road, Annandale, VA 22003, USA
• ³P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
• ⁴A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991,Russia
• ⁵SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
• ⁶National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10019

ABSTRACT — Columbia Resin-39 (CR-39) detectors used in Pd/D co-deposition experiments were examined using an optical microscope, scanned using an automated scanner, and underwent both sequential etching analysis as well as LET spectrum analysis. These analyses identified and quantified the energetic particles responsible for the tracks observed in the CR-39 detectors and made it possible to estimate the branching ratios of the primary and secondary reactions.

18) Brief summary of latest experimental results with a mass-flow calorimetry system for anomalous heat effect of nano-composite metals under D(H)-gas charging*

• Kitamura, A.^1,2 ; Takahashi, A.^1,3 ; Seto, R.¹ ; Fujita, Y.¹ ; Taniike, A.² ; Furuyama, Y.²
• ¹Technova Inc., Tokyo 1000011, Japan
• ²Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 6580022, Japan
• ³Osaka University, Suita 5650871, Japan

ABSTRACT — A mass-flow calorimetry system has been installed to investigate the excess power phenomenon at elevated temperatures. The first trial runs with a silica-included Cu∙Ni nano-composite sample (CNS) containing 4.1 g of Ni showed an implication of a few days lasting excess power of 5 W/g-Ni. Next, a Cu∙Ni∙Zr oxide nanocomposite sample (CNZ4) containing 61 g of Ni has been examined to show excess power of 15 W lasting for 3 days and gradually increasing at a rate of 10 W per 3 weeks. Each corresponds to 30 eV/atom-Ni and 100 eV/atom-Ni, implying a nuclear origin of the excess energy.

* Tradotto in lingua italiano su 22 passi pochi giorni fa.

19) Condensed matter nuclear science research status in China

• Dong, Z. M. ; Liang, C. L. ; Li, X. Z. — Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

ABSTRACT — A brief introduction of 25 year research on ‘cold fusion’ in China is presented with address on its five features and the international recognitions.

20) Dry, preloaded NANOR®-type CF/LANR components

• Swartz, Mitchell R.¹ ; Verner, Goyle M.¹ ; Tolleson, Jeffrey W.¹ ; Hagelstein, Peter L.²
• ¹JET Energy, Inc., Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
• ²Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139, USA

ABSTRACT — Dry, preloaded NANOR®-type technology makes LANR reactions more accessible. These self-contained, two-terminal nanocomposite ZrO₂–PdNiD CF/LANR components have at their core ZrO₂–PdD nanostructured material. The excess energy gain compared to driving input energy is up to 20 times the input; characterized by reasonable reproducibility and controllability. The CF/LANR/CF activation is separated from its loading. Although small in size, the LANR excess power density is more than 19,500 W/kg of nanostructured material, with zero carbon footprint.

21) Directional X-ray and gamma emission in experiments in condensed matter nuclear science

• Hagelstein, Peter L. — Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

ABSTRACT — The absence of energetic particles commensurate with the energy produced in the Fleischmann–Pons experiment hinders our ability to sort out the microscopic physics involved. Models that we have studied for excess heat are based on the fractionation of the large nuclear quantum to a large number of much smaller quanta. These models predict that it should also be possible to up-convert vibrational quanta to produce nuclear excitation. Such a mechanism could produce collimated X-ray and gamma emission. Collimated X-ray emission near 1.5 keV has been reported by Karabut. Other examples of collimated X-ray and gamma emission have been described in the literature.

22) Observation and investigation of anomalous X-ray and thermal effects of cavitation

• Vysotskii, V. I.¹ ; Kornilova, A. A.² ; Vasilenko, A. O.¹
• ¹Kiev National Shevchenko University, Kiev, Ukraine
• ²Moscow State University, Russia

ABSTRACT — The anomalous X-ray and thermal processes associated with cavitation of fast liquid jet in a narrow channel and in free space outside the channel are considered. It has been found that the output of the channel and the initial part of the free jet are sources of intense X-rays, generation of which is connected with shock waves. The energy of X-rays (ħω≈0.7–5.0 keV) depends on the type of atoms on the radiating surface. Formation of shock waves and X-rays is accompanied by generation of undamped high-frequency thermal waves.

23) Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project status review

• Valat, Mathieu¹ ; Hunt, Ryan² ; Greenyer, Bob³
• ¹Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project, St Geniès de Malgoirès, 30190, France
• ²Hunt Utilities Group, 2331 Dancing Wind Rd SW, Pine River MN 56474, USA
• ³Veveří 461/14, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic

ABSTRACT — Two years have passed since the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project started developing and operating experiments openly on the Internet. This article recaps the results which the project has been able to nail down so far. Two main aspects of the research were conducted in multiple laboratories – the first one was the replication of the experiments conducted by Francesco Celani on his sub-micrometric featured constantan wires, and the second one dealt with nickel nano-powders inspired by the work of Brian Ahern. Both systems are hydrogen gas in heated environment above Curie temperature.

24) Observation of neutrons and tritium in the early BARC cold fusion experiments

• Srinivasan, Mahadeva — Formerly at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India

ABSTRACT — Soon after the Fleischmann–Pons announcement of 1989, a number of groups at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai independently set up experiments to confirm if nuclear products such as neutrons and tritium are generated when samples of Pd and Ti metal are loaded with deuterium, using both electrolytic as well as gas/plasma-based loading techniques. Twelve independent research groups involving about 50 scientists were engaged in this massive effort during 1989–95, before institutional support for research on this topic was withdrawn, emulating global trends. This article briefly summarizes the results obtained during those early BARC studies.

25) Introduction to isotopic shifts and transmutations observed in LENR experiments

• Srinivasan, Mahadeva — Formerly at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India

ABSTRACT — This article presents a brief introduction to the topic of transmutation reactions which occur in a variety of LENR configurations wherein the ‘host metal’ nuclei (Pd, Ni, Ti, etc.) interact with the loaded deuterium or hydrogen nuclei, resulting in the formation of new stable elements or isotopes not present in the system prior to the experimental run.

26) Transmutation reactions induced by deuterium permeation through nano-structured palladium multilayer thin film

• Iwamura, Yasuhiro ; Itoh, Takehiko ; Tsuruga, Shigenori — Yokohama R&D Center, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd, 1-8-1, Sachiura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8515, Japan

ABSTRACT — Low energy nuclear transmutation reactions have been observed in nano-structured Pd multilayer thin film which is composed of Pd and CaO thin film and Pd substrate, induced by D₂ gas permeation. Up to now we have observed transmutation reactions of Cs into Pr, Ba into Sm and W into Pt. Replication experiments have been successfully performed by some researchers and Toyota R&D Center published almost complete replication experiments on the transmutation of Cs into Pr last year. This new phenomenon would be used as an innovative nuclear transmutation method for radioactive waste or a new energy source if we could solve many problems for commercialization.

27) Biological transmutations

• Biberian, Jean-Paul — Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, France

ABSTRACT — Over the past two centuries a large number of experiments with animals, seeds and bacteria, have demonstrated that biology is not only a chemical process, but also a nuclear one. It has been demonstrated that some minerals transmute into other minerals. With the development of low energy nuclear reactions (cold fusion), this topic, is back in the scientific agenda. Very few scientists work in this field, but its importance is such that its further development is crucial.

28) Microbial transmutation of Cs-137 and LENR in growing biological systems

• Vysotskii, V. I.¹ ; Kornilova, A. A.²
• ¹Kiev National Shevchenko University, Faculty of Radiophysics, Electronics and Computer Science, 01601, Vladimirskaya Str. 64, Kiev, Ukraine
• ²Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, 119899, Vorob’evy gory, Russia

ABSTRACT — This article presents the results of long-term investigations of stable and radioactive isotopes transmutation in growing microbiological cultures. It is shown that transmutation during growth of microbiological associations is 20 times more effective than the same process in the form of ‘clean’ microbiological culture. In this work, the process of controlled decontamination of highly active reactor isotopes (reactor waste) through the process of growing microbiological associations has been studied. The most rapidly increasing decay rate of Cs¹³⁷ isotope, which occurred with the ‘effective’ half life τ* ≈ 310 days (involving an increase in rate and decrease in half life by a factor of 35) was observed in the presence of Ca salt in closed flask with active water containing Cs¹³⁷ solution and optimal microbiological association.

29) Energy gains from lattice-enabled nuclear reactions

• Nagel, David J. — NUCAT Energy LLC and The George Washington University, 725 23^rd K Street NW, Washington DC 20052, USA

ABSTRACT — The energy gain of a system is defined as the ratio of its output energy divided by the energy provided to operate the system. Most familiar systems have energy gains less than one due to various inefficiencies. By contrast, lattice-enabled nuclear reactions (LENR) offer high energy gains. Theoretical values in excess of 1000 are possible. Energy gains over 100 have already been reported. But, they have not yet been sustained for commercially significant durations. This article summarizes the current status of LENR energy gains.

30) Lattice-enabled nuclear reactions in the nickel and hydrogen gas system

• Nagel, David J. — NUCAT Energy LLC and The George Washington University, 725 23^rd K Street NW, Washington DC 20052, USA

ABSTRACT — Thousands of lattice-enabled nuclear reaction (LENR) experiments involving electrochemical loading of deuterium into palladium have been conducted and reported in hundreds of papers. But, it appears that the first commercial LENR power generators will employ gas loading of hydrogen onto nickel. This article reviews the scientific base for LENR in the gas-loaded Ni–H system, and some of the tests of pre-commercial prototype generators based on this combination.

31) Summary report: ‘Introduction to Cold Fusion’ – IAP course at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA

• Verner, Gayle¹ ; Swartz, Mitchell¹ ; Hagelstein, Peter²
• ¹JET Energy, Inc. Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
• ²Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

ABSTRACT — For three years running now, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA, has offered the introductory cold fusion course during its Independent Activities Period (IAP), designed for students to engage in topics outside-of-the-normal-curriculum; enrollment is open with permission from the instructor, and there is no advance registration required. IAP at MIT, for those not familiar with it, is a special four-week programme where students can choose from a vast array of non-credit and for-credit short course-work offered only during January of each year. CF-101 is a non-sign up, non-credit introductory course, open to MIT and non-MIT students alike, as well as the public. Peter Hagelstein, Professor of electrical engineering at MIT has been teaching the course with Mitchell Swartz, from JET Energy, Inc. In some years the CF/IAP classes extended over two weeks; at other times over several days.

32) Status of cold fusion research in Japan

• Kitamura, Akira — Technova Inc., 100-0011 Tokyo, Japan and Kobe University, 658-0022 Kobe, Japan

33) Condensed matter nuclear reaction products observed in Pd/D co-deposition experiments

• Mosier-Boss, P. A.¹ ; Forsley, L. P.² ; Gordon, F. E.³ ; Letts, D.⁴ ; Cravens, D.⁵ ; Miles, M. H.⁶ ; Swartz, M.⁷ ; Dash, J.⁸ ; Tanzella, F.⁹ ; Hagelstein, P.¹⁰ ; McKubre, M.⁹ ; Bao, J.⁹
• ¹9112 Fermi Ave., San Diego, CA, USA
• ²JWK Corp., 5101B Backlick Road, Annandale, VA 22003, USA
• ³SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific, San Diego CA, USA
• ⁴12015 Ladrido Lane, Austin, TX 78727, USA
• ⁵Cloudcroft, NM 88317, USA
• ⁶University of La Verne, La Verne, CA 91750, USA
• ⁷JET Energy, Inc., Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
• ⁸Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA
• ⁹SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
• ¹⁰Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

ABSTRACT — Pd/D co-deposition has been used by a number of researchers to explore the condensed matter nuclear reactions occurring within the palladium lattice by generating highly loaded layers of lattice over the cathode. Reaction products that have been observed include heat, transmutation, tritium, energetic charged particles and neutrons. The results of these experiments are discussed here.