La costantana alla Celani in self-sustaining?

Novità da Celani, o meglio, novità dagli States a proposito del filo di Costantana che ha sviluppato per ottenere LENR a piacimento: un ricercatore privato sembrerebbe - il condizionale è d'obbligo - essere riuscito a mandare una cella in autosostentamento nel corso di una replica dell'esperimento originale messo a punto ai laboratori INFN di Frascati. Vi riporto il testo dell'annuncio di Celani e il messaggio originale di Ed Pell inviato alla lista del CMNS (Condensed Matter Nuclear Science).

(AGGIORNAMENTO IMPORTANTE)

***

Cari Colleghi,

ho appena ottenuto da Edmund Pell, USA, il permesso di pubblicare la sua relazione inviata ieri al "sito chiuso" della CMNS.

* Vi ricordo che SEMBRA sia riuscito ad ottenere lo AUTOSOSTENTAMENTO, cioè SENZA IMMISSIONE DI POTENZA, da circa 80 ore alla temperatura apparente media, dentro il suo voluminoso reattore (circa 50 litri di Idrogeno), di 30°C con l'ambiente a circa 20°C.

Il Prof. Pell è persona estremamente gradevole ed aperta a qualunque critica COSTRUTTIVA.

Utilizza 170cm di Costantana, diametro 200micron, peso circa mezzo grammo.

La superficie è stata ossidata in accordo al VECCHIO metodo da Noi sviluppato fino all'Aprile 2012 e pubblicato il 31 Marzo 2013 [...].

Tra poco vi invio il testo.

Cordiali saluti,

Francesco CELANI

------------------- Original Message -------------------

Subject: CMNS: my current experiment with Constantan and results

From: "Ed Pell"

Date: Mon, July 1, 2013 11:17 pm

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The material being tested is Constantan wire described by the seller as: vintage production, made in Austria during the 70's and 80's by Gebauer Griller, Wien-Linz, military grade production, coming straight from the military state surplus, ISOTAN (Constantan) – Copper Nickel alloy CuNi44, oxidized. It is 0.20mm in diameter, AWG 32.083169, 15.60 ohms/m, 4.75 ohms/ft.

After speaking with Francesco Celani about wire preparation, the wire is treated as follows. A piece 1.7m long is wound in a spiral around four ¼ inch ceramic rods. The rods are held about one inch from each other, using a short piece of copper pipe at each end as a spacer held with a hose clamp, forming a square, and about 6 inches long. The wire is wound by hand. After winding, the wire is cleaned with a paper towel soaked in acetone. Next, 2.5 amperes are passed through the wire for about 2 seconds. Portions of the wire glow red hot. This is repeated a total of three times. One difficulty is some windings loosen under heating and are drawn towards their neighbor. Higher and more uniform tensioning is desired in future experiments.

The vacuum chamber is a 36cm by 36cm by 36cm cube made from ¼ inch mild steel. It has a 12.5cm by 12.5 cm opening on the top. The volume is 47 liters. The opening is sealed with an o-ring and a 17.5cm by 17.cm plate of ¼ steel held in place with c-clamps. The chamber has three NW25 ports on the top surface. Two are used for gas, vacuum, and pressure instruments, one is used for a three pair electrical feed-through. Two pairs are used for thermocouples and one pair for applied voltage. The chamber sits on the floor on fire bricks to protect the carpet. The sides and top of the chamber are open to the room air. Inside the chamber there are some fire bricks and some mineral wool. The current experiment is supported on the two ends by the narrow end of two fire bricks. The center of the spiral winding is open on all sides. It is localed about 8 inches from the top of the chamber and about 4 inches from the bottom mineral wool insulation.

One thermocouple is placed inside the copper pipe that spaces the ceramic rods at the end of the windings. It is about 1cm from the nearest winding. The other is several inches away and is not reported on.

Initially the chamber and windings are exposed to vacuum, 500microns, for two hours. Then the chamber is filled with natural hydrogen gas to slightly, 6 KPa, over room pressure.

The first data taken are several point to determine the I-V curve for the wire. This was done using 3 seconds per point and returning to zero current between points for at least 10 seconds. Current 11 points up to a current of 1.365 were measured. The resistance was 25.64 ohms at 35 voltages, 1.365 amperes. After three hours in hydrogen at various voltages 5, 20, 30, and 35 the resistance has fallen by 1.2%. After 20 hours at various power levels the resistance had fallen by 2.0%. After 47 hours at various power levels the resistance had fallen 2.2%. After three days the resistance remained unchanged at 2.2% below its starting value. At this point the power supply fails and is replaced. The calibration between the two supplies is not good enough to be able to relate the later resistance values to the earlier values.

Next the temperature versus power level is determined. Some values found:

power tempC volts amp

35.5 46.1 30 1.184

47.8 51.2 35 1.365

63.2 56.2 40 1.579

At 26 hours an extensive list of power and temperature is taken, the ambient temperature is 23.6 degrees.

power tempC volts amp

1.0 29.4 5 0.200

4.0 31.6 10 0.400

9.0 34.7 15 0.601

16.0 38.6 20 0.800

25.0 42.6 25 1.000

35.9 47.6 30 1.1965

48.8 52.9 35 1.395

63.6 60.3 40 1.589

80.4 67.3 45 1.7865

At 43 hours it is first noted that when the power is increased the temperature rises and then falls. At 40 volts, 1.590 amperes the temperature rises to 59.1 and falls back to at least 58.2 degrees. At 46 hours for 40 volts, 1.591 amperes the temperature rises to 59.1 and falls to at least 58.5 degrees.

At 69 hours it is noted that with the power off the temperature is 31.0 with the ambient 22.4 degrees.

At this point, 69 hours, the power supply is changed due to a failure of the first supply. At 76 hours a new list of temperature versus power is taken with the new supply, the ambient is 20.7 degrees.

power tempC volts amp

0.0 27.2 0.0 0.00

0.035 27.9 1.0 0.035

1.0 28.7 5.0 0.20

4.1 30.5 10.0 0.41

9.3 33.6 15.0 0.62

10.7 37.2 16.0 0.67

12.1 37.8 17.0 0.71

13.5 39.0 18.0 0.75

15.0 39.7 19.0 0.79

16.6 40.3 20.0 0.83

18.3 40.9 21.0 0.87

20.0 41.7 22.0 0.91

22.1 42.6 23.0 0.96

24.0 43.3 24.0 1.00

26.0 44.5 25.0 1.04

28.1 45.1 26.0 1.08

30.2 45.9 27.0 1.12

32.8 46.8 28.0 1.17

35.1 47.6 29.0 1.21

37.5 48.6 30.0 1.25

40.0 50.3 31.0 1.29

42.6 51.4 32.0 1.33

45.5 52.1 33.0 1.38

48.3 52.8 34.0 1.42

51.1 53.6 35.0 1.46

54.0 54.3 36.0 1.50

57.0 55.3 37.0 1.54

At 88 hours, raising the power from 15 volts, 0.62 amperes to 35 volts, 1.46 amperes, the temperature rises to 58.5 and then over two hours falls to 53.3 degrees. The power is decreased to 15 volts, 0.625 amperes and the temperature falls to 35.8 and then rises to 37.1 degrees. This is the first observation of overshoot and the cooling side. Next, the power is increased to 35 volts, 1.46 amperes and the temperature rises to 56.0 and then over 35 minutes falls to 53.4 degrees. Next, the power is brought to 20 volts, 0.835 amperes, the temperature falls to 38.6 and then rises to 40.0 degrees.

At 96 hours the power is raised from 0 volts, 0 amperes to 45 volts, 1.87 amperes. The temperature rises to 67.4 and then over 80 minutes falls to 60.0 degrees. The power is then turned off and the temperature drops to 22.9 degrees with an ambient of 21.3 degree. Then over 15 minutes the temperature increases to 27.5 degrees. After 80 minutes we have 29.6 degrees. After 90 minutes we have 29.9 degrees. After 110 minutes the temperature reaches 30.1 degrees. After 18 hours we have 32.8 degrees with an ambient of 22.2 degrees. The lid measured by an external thermocouple reads 22.4 degrees. Cycling up to 45.0 volts, 1.87 amperes, the peak temperature is 71.3 degrees and this falls to 64.8 degrees after 26 minutes. Cycling down to zero we have a low of 27.5 and a rise to 30.0. Cycling to 45 volts we have a high of 67.9 falling back to 59.8 degrees. Cycling down we have a low of 24.4 rising to 30.9 degrees with an ambient of 21 degrees. Various cycling is recorded.

At the six day mark we have a power up to 48 volts, 2.01 amperes with a peak temperature of 68.8 reached and then a fall back to 62.8 degrees after 50 minutes. Then power down to zero with a low of 22.5 degrees and a rebound to 30.0 degree over 3 hours. After 12 hours the temperature is 30.2 degrees, with an ambient rise of 0.3 degrees. We are now at 7 days.

I will try Celani's suggestion and insulate the chamber and see if I can measure the top lid at above ambient.

Two interesting behaviors have been found in Constantan wire in hydrogen under thermal cycling. First, an overshoot in temperature in both the rising and falling direction. Second, the rebound on the falling power gives a persistent 10 degrees above ambient temperature measured by the internal thermocouple.

From various power deltas required to reach the same temperature I am estimating the persistent power at 4 watts over a broad range of temperatures.

The model I have in mind for the overshoot is that at low temperatures hydrogen is absorbed into the outer layer of wire. When heated above a certain value two things happen; the excess heat production increases and the hydrogen diffusivity increases. The hydrogen has two ways it can go in or out. Half goes in and half goes out depleting the outer layer, lowering the excess heat production, and lowering the temperature. Upon subsequent cooling hydrogen begins to absorb and eventually the excess heat production increases and the temperature increases.

The total area of the wire is about 10.7 square centimeters. This gives 0.37 watts per sqcm.

This experiment gives no direct measurement of the temperature of the wire. We do have the currents. We know that a current of 2.5 amps will cause the wire to glow red hot in air with only 2 seconds duration. The highest current used in hydrogen was 2.01 amps (96.5 watts at 48 volts) over an hour time period giving a thermocouple reading of 68.8 degrees peak (with excess power maximized) and a rebound value of 62.8 (with excess power minimized). The preparation of the wire is something that all experiments are able to do.

I hope someone will try to duplicate this results. My thanks to Francesco Celani for his most helpful guidance.

Edwin A. Pell III

July 1, 2013

22passi.blogspot.com: post n. 2148 (-74)